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Bitcoin is a decentralized peer-to-peer digital currency that is powered by its users with no central authority or intermediaries.

The independent individuals and companies who own the governing computing power and participate in the Bitcoin network, also known as "miners," are motivated by rewards (the release of new bitcoin) and transaction fees paid in bitcoin.

These miners can be thought of as the decentralized authority enforcing the credibility of the Bitcoin network.

Bitcoin Cash was created on August 1, 2017, when Bitcoin, arguably the most popular cryptocurrency in the world, split into two directions in an event know as a 'hard fork.'

Anyone who held Bitcoin before the split was entitled to the same number of Bitcoin Cash tokens, in essence, creating a 2-1 split. The symbol for Bitcoin Cash is BCH.

The initiative was headed by a small group of mostly China-based Bitcoin miners who refused to support a major software upgrade aimed at speeding up transactions on the bitcoin network.

Dash is an open source, peer-to-peer cryptocurrency that offers all the same features as Bitcoin but has additional, advanced capabilities, including instant transactions, private transactions and decentralized governance.
Dash was originally released as XCoin on January 18, 2014, before changing its name to Darkcoin the following month.
Finally, in March 2015, Darkcoin was rebranded as Dash. Unlike Bitcoin's single-tier network, where all jobs on the network are performed by miners, Dash utilizes a two-tier network.

Ripple is the name of a payment network and the payment protocol which powers it. It was developed and released in 2012 by a company of the same name, in order to enable "secure, instant and nearly free global financial transactions".

It is built on principles similar to those of Bitcoin, so many people consider it a cryptocurrency. However, unlike Bitcoin, the source code of Ripple's technology is owned privately by the company, which means that it cannot be verified by any outsider.

Ripple is a very popular network: many banks across the world use it as the basis for their own settlement infrastructure .

Ethereum is a digital currency developed on an open software platform based on blockchain technology that enables developers to build and deploy decentralized applications that run smart contracts. Ethereum was proposed in late 2013 by Vitalik Buterin, a cryptocurrency researcher and programmer.

Like Bitcoin, Ethereum is a distributed public blockchain network. Although there are some significant technical differences between the two, the most important distinction to note is that Bitcoin and Ethereum differ substantially in purpose and capability. While the bitcoin blockchain is used to track ownership of digital currency (Bitcoins), the Ethereum blockchain focuses on running the programming code of any decentralized application.

Ethereum Classic is not a new cryptocurrency, but instead a split from an existing cryptocurrency, Ethereum.

The split occurred after The DAO, a decentralized autonomous organization based on Ethereum, got hacked in June 2016, and $50 million worth of its funds were stolen. Because The DAO was crowdfunded, this event has resulted in a large number of people losing their stakes. After several weeks of heated debate, the community has decided to conduct a "hard fork" of Ethereum's Blockchain in order to "code" the stolen money back to its owners.

Ethereum Classic still offers the same features as Ethereum, such as the creation and deployment of smart contract and Decentralized applications, and has all the same specifications, such as average block time, size and reward.

Litecoin is a peer-to-peer cryptocurrency and open source software project.

Creation and transfer of coins is based on an open source cryptographic protocol and is not managed by any central authority. Litecoin was created during October 2011 by Charles Lee, formerly a Google engineer.

While inspired by, and in most ways technically nearly identical to Bitcoin, Litecoin has some code improvements over Bitcoin such as the adoption of Segregated Witness (SegWit), which increases block size limits on a blockchain, and the Lightning Network which enables bi-directional payment channels.

Zcash (ZEC) is a cryptocurrency whose main feature is its anonymity.
It uses blockchain technology which keeps certain elements of each transaction private such as the identity of the sender, recipient and amount sent. Users have the ability to determine how much privacy they wish to assign to each Zcash transaction they make.
Like many cryptocurrencies, the concept behind Zcash borrows heavily from Bitcoin, right down to the number of coins minted – 21 million.